Science

July 28, 2008

Chances of getting my Typ1 increased a bit, I think

With the news of Aptera's next round of funding (see here and here), it seems as though my chances of getting my all-electric Typ1 have improved a bit. The lease on my current vehicle expires in early January 2009, and I am hoping to not have to extend it. This also means that I will need to sign-up for and complete a course in motorcycle safety so that I get the required license certification.  And for some reason I had been under the mistaken belief that the range of the electric model was only 40 miles between charges, but recent statements from Aptera have been quoting 120 miles as the official figure. That was a nice surprise.

In the most recent email that I received from Aptera about how the Typ1 wold be delivered, I was told only that new owners would be invited down to the Santa Monica headquarters for and introduction and brief training course before they hand over the keys. Now I just have to get that solar array installed here at home and I'll be all set.

July 12, 2008

Brian Greene's explanation of special relativity

After coming across this amazing  video presentation of the physics double slit experiment on Reddit.com earlier today:

I was reminded of what I consider the best explanation of Einstein's special theory of relativity, and in particular the adage that "when objects travel near the speed of light, time slows down". The full explanation goes from page 47-51 of The Elegant Universe by Brian Greene.

What I find so remarkable about Professor Greene's explanation is the way in which it gradually sets up the punch line like a long and elaborate joke (minus the funny ending). Each step along his explanatory pathway is simple to the point of obviousness. Yet if you follow along closely you reach one of those 'Aha!' moments at the end where suddenly the entire concept becomes clear in your mind.

The crux of his explanation is that all things are constantly traveling in one of four dimensions - three of which are spatial and one is the time dimension. So an object that appears to be at rest in the three spatial dimensions is actually moving forward at the speed of light, but only in the time dimension. With this idea as the foundation, the remainder is easy to explain: When an object is traveling through one of the three spatial dimensions, it has to 'borrow' some of that speed from the time dimension. If you add up the total speed of an object through the 3 spatial and 1 time dimensions, that number always adds up to the speed of light.

When you apply this reasoning to a particle such as a photon of visible light - which travels through space at the speed of light - you can think of it as using up all of its speed to travel the three spatial dimensions. This leaves no remaining speed for it to spend in the time dimensions. Because of this, photons never grow old. They simply have no speed left to spare for the time dimension, so they do not experience passage of time. If photons wore wrist watches, the hands would never move.

To be honest, I'm not sure why I feel the need to constantly refresh my understanding of this concept. In fact I feel a mild sense of panic anytime I find myself unable to recall the explanation. It is of absolutely no practical value to me. I am sure that most real physicists would laugh at such a simple explanation and all of the details that it omits. Some part of me is waiting for the day when one of my four nieces/nephews asks the question "Uncle Jason, why is it that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light?"  I'll then run to my bookshelf, re-read pages 47-51 again to refresh my memory, then walk them through it. When the light bulb of understanding appears, and a grin comes across their face, I'll remember why it was worth the effort.

June 19, 2008

Looks like the all-electric Aptera will be first to ship

A few months ago I decided to make good on my threat ("My next vehicle will be zero emissions!") by sending off a down payment for an all-electric Aptera Typ-1. At the time the payment was made, I was informed by email that I was  #2506 in line. According to the Aptera website, they are planning to go into production sometime around 'Late 2008'. I guessed at the time that it would be late 2009 by the time I received mine.

This morning I received an email from Aptera letting me know that they are splitting their waiting list into two groups: Those who selected the all-electric model and those who selected the gas-electric hybrid. The most interesting line from the email was this:

switch to the all-electric and potentially be driving an Aptera a year earlier than they would otherwise

That is a one year lag time between the introduction of the all-electric vs. the gas-electric hybrid models. Not entirely surprising I suppose - building a vehicle with two motors is more complicated than building a vehicle with just one.  Hopefully though I'll be moved up in the queue now that they are dividing the current list into two parts. Who knows, I might get mine before the lease on my current car expires.

June 14, 2008

Pascal's Wager as an Argument for Environmental Responsibility

I came across a comment from a digg.com user today that sounded remarkably like Pascal's Wager applied to environmentalism. The comment was in response to the new TED.org talk by Al Gore in which he updates his now famous Inconvenient Truth slide deck with more recent data. While the talk itself is definitely worth spending 30 minutes to watch, this commenter on digg.com is, in my opinion, doing a disservice to the scientific community and scientific evidence accumulated to date.

Wikipedia does a good job of explaining what Pascal's Wager is and when it was originally made, so I'll not revisit that. Here is what I think the Environmentalist's Wager might look like:

Global Warming is RealGlobal Warming is Not Real
Live as if Global Warming is RealYou Win BigYou lose very little
Live as if Global Warming is not RealYou Lose Big You lose very little

What bothers me about such a formulation is that it cheapens the scientific evidence. The findings are quire clear and unambiguous - the earth is getting warmer. In the most recent IPCC report this assertion was assigned a confidence rating of 'Greater than 99%'. So to argue in favor of being environmentally responsible 'on the off chance that there is a problem' seems to be doing a disservice to the movement. An alternative formulation of this could be based on the more conservative (given a 'Greater than 90%' confidence rating in the IPCC report) and controversial claim that humans are the cause of the warming. A Wager version of that might look like:

Humans Cause Global WarmingHumans Do Not Cause Global Warming
Live as if Humans Cause Global WarmingYou Win BigYou lose very little
Live as if Humans Do Not Cause Global WarmingYou Lose Big You lose very little

So what is the cause of the lack of political motivation among American's to do something significant about this? My guess is that for many people, their version of the wager looks like this instead:

Humans Cause Global WarmingHumans Do Not Cause Global Warming
Live as if Humans Cause Global WarmingYou Win BigYou lose very little
Live as if Humans Do Not Cause Global WarmingEveryone Else But Me Loses BigYou lose very little

Seems like wishful thinking to me.

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